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    Beta Hydroxybutyrate

    Before exercise or during fasting

    Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is the primary ketone body produced by the liver when the body shifts to fat metabolism during fasting, extended exercise, or very low carbohydrate intake. As a supplement, exogenous BHB is available in ketone ester and ketone salt forms, allowing users to elevate blood ketone levels independently of diet. It has gained attention for its roles as both an energy substrate and a signaling molecule with effects on inflammation, gene expression, and metabolic regulation.

    Research Evidence
    Supports cognitive performance under metabolic stress such as fasting or hypoxia
    Moderate
    Exhibits anti-inflammatory signaling through HDAC inhibition
    Moderate
    May reduce perceived exertion during prolonged endurance exercise
    Limited
    Serves as alternative brain fuel when glucose is limited
    Strong
    May help preserve lean mass during caloric restriction
    Limited
    Rapidly elevates blood ketone levels when taken orally
    Strong

    Expert Evidence

    14 references from 3 experts

    AH
    Recommends against

    “I don't recommend beta-hydroxybutyrate for everybody, but I do recommend it for athletes.”

    The Science & Process of Healing From Grief

    1:11:11
    Andrew Huberman

    11 references in 10 episodes from 2021–2025

    AI-generated summary

    Huberman generally recommends against beta-hydroxybutyrate supplementation for most people, though he acknowledges potential benefits for athletes. He notes that cold water immersion can naturally increase beta-hydroxybutyrate levels. There is no evidence of personal use.

    Benefits

    Huberman has discussed how cold water immersion increases ketone bodies, specifically beta-hydroxybutyrate, suggesting endogenous production may be preferable to supplementation.

    Best Practices

    Huberman has mentioned a dosing range of 10 to 30 grams per day for those who do supplement with beta-hydroxybutyrate.

    Cautions

    Huberman has repeatedly stated he does not recommend beta-hydroxybutyrate supplementation for the general population, though he carves out an exception for athletes who may benefit from it.

    RP
    Discusses

    “Apparently it's like not only being used by the mitochondria to as a really, you know, easily accessible source of energy, so it shunts right into the TCA cycle and is used to make energy, but it also increases BDNF, like it's a signaling molecule.”

    Dr. Darya and Kevin Rose Talk Meditation Retreats, Diet, Natto, Seasonal Eating and More

    20:37
    Rhonda Patrick

    2 references in 2 episodes from 2013–2015

    AI-generated summary

    Rhonda Patrick highlights beta-hydroxybutyrate as both an efficient mitochondrial energy source that feeds directly into the TCA cycle and a signaling molecule that increases BDNF. She also connects it to hormesis mechanisms involving antioxidant gene expression. No personal usage, dosing recommendations, or cautions are discussed.

    BS
    Discusses

    “Ketogenic diets as well as beta hydroxybutyrate is a major metabolic product of ketogenic diets and they have been reported to increase survival and improve pathologies as well as age associated traits.”

    Lifespan Extension Study Results Released!

    2:15
    Brad Stanfield

    1 reference in 1 episode from 2022

    AI-generated summary

    Brad Stanfield notes that beta-hydroxybutyrate, a major metabolic product of ketogenic diets, has been reported to increase survival and improve age-associated pathologies. This is a general educational mention citing research findings, with no evidence of personal use, no specific dosing guidance, and no cautions discussed.

    Safety & Cautions

    Side Effects

    • Nausea
    • GI discomfort and bloating
    • Unpleasant taste (especially esters)
    • Transient drop in blood glucose
    Exogenous BHB is generally well-tolerated at recommended doses, though gastrointestinal side effects are common when starting out. Individuals with diabetes or those on blood sugar–lowering medications should consult a healthcare provider, as BHB supplementation can influence glucose and insulin dynamics.
    Pairs Well With
    Price Comparison
    From $0.50/ct
    S
    Sports ResearchBest Value
    4.3
    60 ct

    $0.50/ct

    $29.95 total