Vitamin E
Varies
Vitamin E is a group of eight fat-soluble compounds, including four tocopherols and four tocotrienols, found naturally in nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils. Alpha-tocopherol is the form most actively retained by the body and is the primary focus of supplementation research. It is best known for its role as a lipid-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from free radical damage.
Research Evidence
Protects cell membranes from lipid peroxidation
StrongReduces markers of systemic inflammation at high doses
ModerateReduces cardiovascular disease risk
LimitedMay improve liver enzymes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
ModerateSupports immune function in elderly populations
ModerateExpert Evidence
42 references from 3 experts
Safety & Cautions
Side Effects
- Increased bleeding risk at high doses
- Nausea and digestive discomfort
- Fatigue and muscle weakness
- Possible increased all-cause mortality above 400 IU/day
High-dose vitamin E supplementation (above 400 IU/day) has been associated with increased all-cause mortality in some meta-analyses, and several large trials found no cardiovascular benefit. Individuals on blood thinners or scheduled for surgery should consult their physician, as vitamin E can inhibit platelet aggregation.
Pairs Well With
Price Comparison
From $0.06/ct
N
Nature MadeBest Value
4.8
•300 ct$0.06/ct
$18.12 total
N
Nutricost
4.7
•240 ct$0.07/ct
$17.05 total
N
NatureWise
4.7
•60 ct$0.13/ct
$7.99 total