Back to all supplements

    Iodine

    Morning with food

    Iodine is an essential trace mineral required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism throughout the body. It is found naturally in seafood, seaweed, dairy products, and iodized salt. Iodine deficiency remains one of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disability.

    Research Evidence
    Essential for thyroid hormone production and metabolic regulation
    Strong
    Prevents goiter and iodine deficiency disorders
    Strong
    Adequate intake associated with healthy energy metabolism
    Moderate
    Critical for fetal brain development during pregnancy
    Strong
    May support cognitive function in iodine-deficient populations
    Moderate

    Expert Evidence

    8 references from 3 experts

    2026
    2025
    2021
    2020
    Safety & Cautions

    Side Effects

    • Metallic taste in mouth
    • Nausea or stomach upset at high doses
    • Thyroid dysfunction with excessive intake
    • Skin rash in sensitive individuals
    Iodine is generally safe at recommended doses, but excessive intake (above 1,100 mcg/day for adults) can trigger or worsen thyroid disorders including both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Individuals with autoimmune thyroid conditions such as Hashimoto's should exercise particular caution.
    Pairs Well With