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Methylene Blue

Morning with food

Methylene blue is a synthetic compound originally developed as a textile dye in 1876, later adopted in medicine as a treatment for methemoglobinemia and malaria. At very low doses (0.5–2 mg/kg), it acts as an electron carrier in mitochondria and has been investigated for potential cognitive and neuroprotective effects. It remains primarily a pharmaceutical agent with limited evidence supporting its use as a general supplement.

Research Evidence
Treats methemoglobinemia as an FDA-approved medical intervention
Strong
May improve short-term memory and attention in healthy adults
Limited
Potential neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative disease models
Limited
May enhance mitochondrial electron transport and cellular energy production at low doses
Moderate
Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum
Moderate
Source: Examine.com

Expert Evidence

14 references from 3 experts

“I haven't taken it. I've just been cautious because I don't really want to boost my serotonin pharmacologically given I don't have a clinical need.”

Transform Your Mental Health With Diet & Lifestyle | Dr. Chris Palmer

1:58:31

2 references in 2 episodes from 2025

2025
Safety & Cautions

Side Effects

  • Blue-green discoloration of urine and body fluids
  • Gastrointestinal upset and nausea
  • Risk of serotonin syndrome when combined with serotonergic medications
  • Potential DNA intercalation at higher doses
  • Skin and oral staining
Methylene blue carries serious drug interaction risks, particularly serotonin syndrome when taken with SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs, or other serotonergic agents. Multiple medical experts have expressed reservations about supplemental use given the lack of robust human randomized controlled trials and concerns about mutagenic potential from DNA intercalation.
Pairs Well With
CoQ10