Multivitamin
A multivitamin is a dietary supplement that combines essential vitamins and minerals into a single dose, typically including vitamins A, C, D, E, K, B-complex vitamins, and key minerals such as zinc, magnesium, and selenium. Designed to serve as a broad-spectrum micronutrient insurance policy, multivitamins help fill nutritional gaps that commonly arise from modern dietary patterns, soil depletion, or increased physiological demands during periods of stress, aging, or intense physical activity.
Research Evidence
Fills common micronutrient gaps in typical Western diets
StrongMay reduce cancer risk with long-term daily use
LimitedSupports immune function through zinc, vitamin C, and vitamin D
ModerateReduces homocysteine levels through B-vitamin provision
ModerateSupports cognitive function and may slow age-related cognitive decline
ModerateExpert Evidence
42 references from 5 experts
Safety & Cautions
Side Effects
- Mild nausea when taken on an empty stomach
- Digestive discomfort or upset stomach
- Metallic taste from iron-containing formulas
- Bright yellow urine from B-vitamin excretion
Multivitamins are generally well-tolerated at standard doses, but individuals taking prescription medications should check for interactions, particularly with blood thinners (vitamin K) or thyroid medications (calcium, iron). Avoid stacking a multivitamin with additional single-nutrient supplements without reviewing total intake to prevent exceeding upper limits.
Pairs Well With